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| − | === The Best Docker Setup ===
| + | [https://wiki.servarr.com/docker-guide Moved to the new wiki] |
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| − | '''TL; DR''': An [https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/eponymous eponymous] user per daemon and a shared group with a umask of <code>002</code>. Consistent path definitions between ''all'' containers that maintains the folder structure. Using one volume for Sonarr, Radarr and Lidarr so the download folder and library folder are on the same file system which makes hard links and instant moves possible. And most of all, ignore ''most'' of the Docker image’s path documentation!
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| − | ==== Introduction ====
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| − | This article will not show you specifics about the best Docker setup, but it describes an overview that you can use to make your own setup the best that it can be. The idea is that you run each docker container as its own user, with a shared group and consistent volumes so every container sees the same path layout. This is easy to say, but difficult to understand and explain.
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Multiple users and a shared group ====
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| − | ===== Permissions =====
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| − | Ideally, each software runs as its own user user and they’re all part of a shared group with folder permissions set to <code>775</code> (<code>drwxrwxr-x</code>) and files set to <code>664</code> (<code>-rw-rw-r--</code>), which is a umask of <code>002</code>. A sane alternative to this is a single shared user, which would use <code>755</code> and <code>644</code> which is a umask of <code>022</code>. You can restrict permissions even more by denying read from “other”, which would be a umask of <code>007</code> for a user per daemon or <code>077</code> for a single shared user. For a deeper explanation, try the Arch Linux wiki articles about [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/File_permissions_and_attributes File permissions and attributes] and [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Umask Umask].
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| − | | |
| − | ===== UMASK =====
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| − | Many docker images accept a <code>-e UMASK=002</code> environment variable and some software inside can be configured with a user, group and umask (NZBGet) or folder/file permission (Sonarr/Radarr). This will ensure that files and folders created by ''one'' can be read and written by the others. If you’re using existing folders and files, you’ll need to fix their current ownership and permissions too, but going forward they’ll be correct because you set each software up right.
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| − | | |
| − | ===== PUID and PGID =====
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| − | Many docker images also take a <code>-e PUID=123</code> and <code>-e PGID=321</code> that lets you change the UID/GID used inside to that of an account on the outside. If you ever peak in, you’ll find that username is something like <code>abc</code>, <code>nobody</code> or <code>hotio</code>, but because it uses the UID/GID you pass in, on the outside it looks like the expected user. If you’re using storage from another system via NFS or CIFS, it will make your life easier if ''that'' system also has matching users and group. Perhaps let one system pick the UID/GIDs, then re-use those on the other system, assuming they don’t conflict.
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Example =====
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| − | You run [https://github.com/Sonarr/Sonarr/releases Sonarr] using [https://github.com/hotio/docker-sonarr hotio/sonarr], you’ve created a <code>sonarr</code> user with uid <code>123</code> and a shared group <code>media</code> with gid <code>321</code> which the <code>sonarr</code> user is a member of. You configure the Docker image to run with <code>-e PUID=123 -e PGID=321 -e UMASK=002</code>. Sonarr also lets you configured user, group as well as folder and file permissions. The previous settings should negate these, but you could configure them if you wanted. Folders would be <code>775</code>, files <code>664</code> and the user/group are a little tricky because ''inside'' the container, they have a different name. Maybe <code>abc</code> or <code>nobody</code>. I’d leave all these blank unless you find you need them for some reason.
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Single user and optional shared group ====
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| − | Another popular and arguably easier option is a single, shared user. Perhaps even ''your'' user. It isn’t as secure and doesn’t follow best practices, but in the end it is easier to understand and implement. The UMASK for this is <code>022</code> which results in <code>755</code> (<code>drwxr-xr-x</code>) for folders and <code>644</code> (<code>-rw-r--r--</code>) for files. The group no longer really matters, so you’ll probably just use the group named after the user. This does make it harder to share with ''other'' users, so you may still end up wanting a UMASK of <code>002</code> even with this setup.
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Ownership and permissions of /config ====
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| − | Don’t forget that your <code>/config</code> volume will ''also'' need to have correct ownership and permissions, usually the daemon’s user and that user’s group like <code>sonarr:sonarr</code> and a umask of <code>022</code> or <code>077</code> so ''only'' that user has access. In a single user setup, this would of course be the one user you’ve chosen.
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Consistent and well planned paths ====
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| − | The easiest and most important detail is to create unified path definitions across all the containers.
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| − | If you’re wondering why hard links aren’t working or why a simple move is taking far longer than it should, this section explains it. The paths you use on the ''inside'' matter. Because of how Docker’s volumes work, passing in two volumes such as the commonly suggested <code>/tv</code> and <code>/downloads</code> makes them look like two file systems, even if they aren’t. This means hard links won’t work ''and'' instead of an instant move, a slower and more io intensive copy + delete is used. If you have multiple download clients because you’re using torrents and usenet, having a single <code>/downloads</code> path means they’ll be mixed up. Because the Radarr in one container will ask the NZBGet in its own container where files are, using the same path in both means it will all just work. If you don’t, you’d need to fix it with a remote path map.
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| − | So pick ''one'' path layout and use it for all of them. I’m a fan of <code>/data</code>, but there are other great names like <code>/shared</code>, <code>/media</code> or <code>/dvr</code>. If this can be the same on the outside ''and'' inside, your setup will be simpler: one path to remember or if integrating docker and native software. But if not, that’s fine too. For example, Synology might use <code>/Volume1/data</code> and unRAID might use <code>/mnt/user/data</code> on the outside, but <code>/data</code> on the inside is fine.
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| − | It is also important to remember that you’ll need to setup or re-configure paths in the software running ''inside'' these Docker containers. If you change the paths for your download client, you’ll need to edit its settings to match. If you change your library path, you’ll need to change those settings in Sonarr, Radarr, Lidarr and/or Plex.
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Examples =====
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| − | What matters here is the general structure, not the names. You are free to pick folder names that make sense to you. And there are other ways of arranging things too. For example, you’re not likely to download and run into conflicts of identical releases between usenet and torrents, so you ''could'' put both in <code>/data/downloads/{movies|music|tv}</code> folders. Downloads don’t even have to be sorted into subfolders either, since movies, music and tv will rarely conflict.
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| − | This example <code>data</code> folder has subfolders for torrents and usenet and each of these have subfolders for tv, movie and music downloads to keep things neat. The <code>media</code> folder has nicely named <code>tv</code>, <code>movies</code> and <code>music</code> subfolders, this is your library and what you’d pass to Plex, Kodi, or Emby.
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>data
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| − | ├── torrents
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| − | │ ├── movies
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| − | │ ├── music
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| − | │ └── tv
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| − | ├── usenet
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| − | │ ├── movies
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| − | │ ├── music
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| − | │ └── tv
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| − | └── media
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| − | ├── movies
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| − | ├── music
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| − | └── tv</pre>
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| − | The path for each Docker container can be as specific as needed while still maintaining the correct structure:
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| − | | |
| − | ====== Torrents ======
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>data
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| − | └── torrents
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| − | ├── movies
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| − | ├── music
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| − | └── tv</pre>
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| − | Torrents only needs access to torrent files, so pass it <code>-v /host/data/torrents:/data/torrents</code>. In the torrent software settings, you’ll need to reconfigure paths and you can sort into subfolders like<code>/data/torrents/{tv|movies|music}</code>.
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| − | | |
| − | ====== Usenet ======
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| − | <pre>data
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| − | └── usenet
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| − | ├── movies
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| − | ├── music
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| − | └── tv</pre>
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| − | Usenet only needs access to usenet files, so pass it <code>-v /host/data/usenet:/data/usenet</code>. In the usenet software settings, you’ll need to reconfigure paths and you can sort into subfolders like<code>/data/usenet/{tv|movies|music}</code>.
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| − | | |
| − | ====== Media Server ======
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>data
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| − | └── media
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| − | ├── movies
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| − | ├── music
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| − | └── tv</pre>
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| − | Plex/Emby only needs access to your media library, so pass <code>-v /host/data/media:/data/media</code>, which can have any number of subfolders like <code>movies</code>, <code>kids movies</code>, <code>tv</code>, <code>documentary tv</code> and/or <code>music</code> as sub folders.
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| − | | |
| − | ====== Sonarr, Radarr and Lidarr ======
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>data
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| − | ├── torrents
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| − | │ ├── movies
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| − | │ ├── music
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| − | │ └── tv
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| − | ├── usenet
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| − | │ ├── movies
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| − | │ ├── music
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| − | │ └── tv
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| − | └── media
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| − | ├── movies
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| − | ├── music
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| − | └── tv</pre>
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| − | Sonarr, Radarr and Lidarr get everything using <code>-v /host/data:/data</code> because the ''download'' folder(s) and ''media'' folder will look like and ''be'' one file system. Hard links will work and moves will be atomic, instead of copy + delete.
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Issues =====
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| − | There are a couple minor issues with not following the Docker image’s suggested paths.
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| − | The biggest is that volumes defined in the <code>Dockerfile</code> will get created if they’re not specified, this means they’ll pile up as you delete and re-create the containers. If they end up with data in them, they can consume space unexpectedly and likely in an unsuitable place. You can find a [https://old.reddit.com/r/usenet/wiki/docker#wiki_prune_docker cleanup command] in the helpful commands section below. This could also be mitigated by passing in an empty folder for all the volumes you don’t want to use, like <code>/data/empty:/movies</code> and <code>/data/empty:/downloads</code>. Maybe even put a file named <code>DO NOT USE THIS FOLDER</code> inside, to remind yourself.
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| − | Another problem is that some images are pre-configured to use the documented volumes, so you’ll need to change settings in the software inside the Docker container. Thankfully, since configuration persists outside the container this is a one time issue. You might also pick a path like <code>/data</code> or <code>/media</code> which some images already define for a specific use. It shouldn’t be a problem, but will be a little more confusing when combined with the previous issues. In the end, it is worth it for working hard links and fast moves. The consistency and simplicity are welcome side effects as well.
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| − | If you use the latest version of the abandoned [https://github.com/Sperryfreak01/RadarrSync RadarrSync] to synchronize two Radarr instances, it ''depends'' on mapping the ''same'' path inside to a different path on the outside, for example <code>/movies</code> for one instance would point at <code>/data/media/Movies</code> and the other at <code>/data/media/Movies 4k</code>. This breaks ''everything'' you’ve read above. There is no good solution, you either use the old version which isn’t as good, do your mapping in a way that is ugly and breaks hard links or just don’t use it at all.
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| − | ==== Running containers using ====
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| − | ===== Docker-compose =====
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| − | This is the best option for most users, it lets you control and configure many containers and their interdependence in one file. A good starting place is docker’s own [https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/ Get started with Docker Compose]. You can use [https://composerize.com composerize] or [https://old.reddit.com/r/usenet/wiki/docker#wiki_get_docker-compose red5d/docker-autocompose]to convert <code>docker run</code> commands into a single <code>docker-compose.yml</code> file.
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| − | The below is ''not'' a complete working example! The containers only have PID, UID, UMASK and example paths defined to keep it simple.
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| − | <pre># sonarr
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| − | Sonarr:
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| − | image: "hotio/sonarr"
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| − | volumes:
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| − | - /path/to/config/sonarr:/config
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| − | - /host/data:/data
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| − | environment:
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| − | - PUID=111
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| − | - PGID=321
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| − | - UMASK=002
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| − | | |
| − | # deluge
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| − | Deluge:
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| − | image: binhex/arch-delugevpn
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| − | volumes:
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| − | - /path/to/config/deluge:/config
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| − | - /host/data/torrents:/data/torrents
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| − | environment:
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| − | - PUID=222
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| − | - PGID=321
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| − | - UMASK=002
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| − | | |
| − | # sabnzbd
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| − | SABnzbd:
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| − | image: binhex/arch-sabnzbd
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| − | volumes:
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| − | - /path/to/config/sabnzbd:/config
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| − | - /host/data/usenet:/data/usenet
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| − | environment:
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| − | - PUID=333
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| − | - PGID=321
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| − | - UMASK=002
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| − | | |
| − | # plex
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| − | Plex:
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| − | image: binhex/arch-plex
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| − | volumes:
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| − | - /path/to/config/plex:/config
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| − | - /host/data/media:/data/media
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| − | environment:
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| − | - PUID=444
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| − | - PGID=321
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| − | - UMASK=002</pre>
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| − | ====== Update all images and containers ======
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>docker-compose pull
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| − | docker-compose up -d</pre>
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| − | ====== Update individual image and container ======
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>docker-compose pull NAME
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| − | docker-compose up -d NAME</pre>
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| − | ===== Docker Run =====
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| − | | |
| − | Like the Docker Compose example above, the following <code>docker run</code> commands are stripped down to ''only'' the PUID, PGID, UMASK and volumes in order to act as an obvious example.
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| − | | |
| − | <pre># sonarr
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| − | docker run -v /path/to/config/sonarr:/config \
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| − | -v /host/data:/data \
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| − | -e PUID=111 -e PGID=321 -e UMASK=002 \
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| − | hotio/sonarr
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| − | | |
| − | # deluge
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| − | docker run -v /path/to/config/deluge:/config \
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| − | -v /host/data/torrents:/data/torrents \
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| − | -e PUID=222 -e PGID=321 -e UMASK=002 \
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| − | binhex/arch-delugevpn
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| − | | |
| − | # sabnzbd
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| − | docker run -v /path/to/config/sabnzbd:/config \
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| − | -v /host/data/usenet:/data/usenet \
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| − | -e PUID=333 -e PGID=321 -e UMASK=002 \
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| − | binhex/arch-sabnzbd
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| − | | |
| − | # plex
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| − | docker run -v /path/to/config/plex:/config \
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| − | -v /host/data/media:/data/media \
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| − | -e PUID=444 -e PGID=321 -e UMASK=002 \
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| − | binhex/arch-plex</pre>
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| − | ===== Systemd =====
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| − | | |
| − | I don’t run a full Docker setup, so I manage my few Docker containers with individual systemd service files. It standardizes control and makes dependencies simpler for both native and docker services. The generic example below can be adapted to any container by adjusting or adding the various values and options.
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| − | | |
| − | <pre># /etc/systemd/system/thing.service
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| − | [Unit]
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| − | Description=Thing
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| − | Requires=docker.service
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| − | After=network.target docker.service
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| − | | |
| − | [Service]
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| − | ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker run --rm \
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| − | --name=thing \
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| − | -v /path/to/config/thing:/config \
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| − | -v /host/data:/data
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| − | -e PUID=111 -e PGID=321 -e UMASK=002 \
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| − | nobody/thing
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| − | | |
| − | ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker stop -t 30 thing
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| − | | |
| − | [Install]
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| − | WantedBy=default.target</pre>
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| − | ==== Helpful commands ====
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| − | | |
| − | ===== List running containers =====
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>docker ps</pre>
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| − | ===== Shell ''inside'' a container =====
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>docker exec -it CONTAINER_NAME /bin/bash</pre>
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| − | For more information, see the [https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/ docker exec] documentation.
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Prune docker =====
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>docker system prune --all --volumes</pre>
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| − | Remove unused containers, networks, volumes, images and build cache. As the WARNING this command gives says, this will remove all of the previously mentioned items for anything not in use by a running container. In a correctly configured environment, this is fine. But be aware and proceed cautiously the first time. See the [https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/system_prune/ docker system prune] documentation for more details.
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Get docker run command =====
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| − | | |
| − | Getting the <code>docker run</code> command from GUI managers can be hard, this docker image makes it easy for a running container ([https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32758793/how-to-show-the-run-command-of-a-docker-container source]).
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock assaflavie/runlike CONTAINER_NAME</pre>
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| − | ===== Get docker-compose =====
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| − | | |
| − | Getting a <code>docker-compose.yml</code> from running instances is possible with [https://hub.docker.com/r/red5d/docker-autocompose red5d/docker-autocompose], in case you’ve already started your containers with <code>docker run</code> or <code>docker create</code> and want to change to <code>docker-compose</code> style. It is also great for sharing your settings with others, since it doesn’t matter what management software you’re using. The last argument(s) are your container names and you can pass in as many as needed at the same time. The first container name is required, more are optional. You can see container names in the '''NAMES''' column of `docker ps`, they're usually set by you or might be generated based on the image like <code>binhex-qbittorrent</code>. It is ''not'' the image name, like <code>binhex/arch-qbittorrentvpn</code>.
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock red5d/docker-autocompose CONTAINER_NAME [ANOTHER_CONTAINER_NAME] ... [ONE_MORE_CONTAINER_NAME]</pre>
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Troubleshoot networking =====
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| − | | |
| − | Most Docker images don’t have many useful tools in them for troubleshooting, but you can [https://success.docker.com/article/troubleshooting-container-networking attach a network troubleshooting type image] to an existing container to help with that.
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>docker run -it --rm --network container:CONTAINER_NAME nicolaka/netshoot</pre>
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| − | ===== Recursively chown user and group =====
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>chown -R user:group /some/path/here</pre>
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| − | ===== Recursively chmod to 775/664 =====
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>chmod -R a=,a+rX,u+w,g+w /some/path/here
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| − | ^ ^ ^ ^ adds write to group
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| − | | | | adds write to user
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| − | | | adds read to all and execute to all folders (which controls access)
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| − | | sets all to `000`</pre>
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| − | ===== Find UID/GID for user =====
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>id <username></pre>
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Examine files for hard links =====
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| − | <pre>ls -alhi
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| − | 42207934 -rw-r--r-- 2 user group 0 Sep 11 11:55 hardlink
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| − | 42207936 -rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 Sep 11 11:55 nohardlinks
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| − | 42207934 -rw-r--r-- 2 user group 0 Sep 11 11:55 original
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| − | </pre>
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| − | | |
| − | <pre>stat original
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| − | File: original
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| − | Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file
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| − | Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 42207934 Links: 2
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| − | Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ user) Gid: ( 1001/ group)
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| − | Access: 2020-09-11 11:55:43.803327144 -0500
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| − | Modify: 2020-09-11 11:55:43.803327144 -0500
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| − | Change: 2020-09-11 11:55:49.706660476 -0500
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| − | Birth: 2020-09-11 11:55:43.803327144 -0500
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| − | </pre>
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Interesting docker images ====
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| − | | |
| − | * [https://hub.docker.com/r/rasmunk/sshfs rasmunk/sshfs] let you create an sshfs volume, ''perfect'' for a seedbox setup using a remote mount instead of sync. Better documentation, including examples can be found at the github [https://github.com/rasmunk/docker-volume-sshfs rasmunk/docker-volume-sshfs] repository. This is a more recently maintained fork of [https://hub.docker.com/p/vieux/sshfs vieux/sshfs].
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| − | * [https://hub.docker.com/u/hotio hotio’s] [https://hub.docker.com/r/hotio/sonarr sonarr], [https://hub.docker.com/r/hotio/radarr radarr] and [https://hub.docker.com/r/hotio/lidarr lidarr] images let you run the built in version ''or'' specify an alternative via environment variable. The documentation and Dockerfile also don’t make any poor path suggestions.
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| − | * [https://hub.docker.com/u/hotio hotio’s] [https://hub.docker.com/r/hotio/ombi ombi], [https://hub.docker.com/r/hotio/jackett jackett], [https://hub.docker.com/r/hotio/nzbhydra2 nzbhydra2] and [https://hub.docker.com/r/hotio/bazarr bazarr] are useful too, but don’t really require any special permissions or paths.
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| − | * [https://hub.docker.com/u/hotio hotio’s] [https://hub.docker.com/r/hotio/unpackerr unpackerr] is useful for packed torrent extraction across a variety of torrent clients where unpacking is lacking or missing entirely.
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| − | * [https://hub.docker.com/u/binhex binhex’s] [https://hub.docker.com/r/binhex/arch-qbittorrentvpn/ qbittorrent], [https://hub.docker.com/r/binhex/arch-delugevpn/ deluge] and [https://hub.docker.com/r/binhex/arch-rtorrentvpn/ rtorrent] are popular torrent clients with built in VPN support. For usenet, there is [https://hub.docker.com/r/binhex/arch-sabnzbd/ sabnzbd] and [https://hub.docker.com/r/binhex/arch-nzbget/ nzbget].
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| − | * [https://hub.docker.com/u/binhex binhex’s] [https://hub.docker.com/r/binhex/arch-sonarr/ sonarr], [https://hub.docker.com/r/binhex/arch-radarr/ radarr] and [https://hub.docker.com/r/binhex/arch-lidarr/ lidarr] images suggest default paths that don’t allow for hard linking, instead follow the process described above and pass in a single volume.
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| − | * [https://hub.docker.com/u/linuxserver linuxserver.io’s] images also suggest default paths that don’t allow for hard linking, instead follow the process described above and pass in a single volume. But they do have images for a ''lot'' of software and they’re well maintained.
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| − | * [https://hub.docker.com/r/pyouroboros/ouroboros pyouroboros/ouroboros] or [https://hub.docker.com/r/containrrr/watchtower containrrr/watchtower] automatically update your running Docker containers to the latest available image. These are not recommended if you use Docker Compose.
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Custom Docker Network and DNS ====
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| − | | |
| − | One interesting feature of a [https://docs.docker.com/network/network-tutorial-standalone/#use-user-defined-bridge-networks custom Docker network] is that it gets its own DNS server. If you create a bridge network for your containers, you can use their hostnames in your configuration. For example, if you <code>docker run --network=isolated --hostname=deluge binhex/arch-deluge</code> and <code>docker run --network=isolated --hostname=radarr binhex/arch-radarr</code>, you can then configure the Download Client in Radarr to point at just <code>deluge</code> and it’ll work ''and'' communicate on its own private network. Which means if you wanted to be even more secure, you could ''stop'' forwarding that port too. If you put your reverse proxy container on the same network, you can even stop forwarding the web interface ports and make them even more secure.
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Common Problems ====
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Correct ''outside'' paths, incorrect ''inside'' paths =====
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| − | | |
| − | Many people read this and think they understand, but they end up seeing the outside path correctly to something like <code>/data/usenet</code>, but then they miss the point and set the ''inside'' path to <code>/downloads</code> still.
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Running Docker containers as root or changing users around =====
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| − | | |
| − | If you find yourself running your containers as <code>root:root</code>, you’re doing something wrong. If you’re not passing in a UID and GID, you’ll be using whatever the default is for the image and ''that'' will be unlikely to line up with a reasonable user on your system. And if you’re changing the user and group your Docker containers are running as, you’ll probably end up with permissions issues on folders like the <code>/config</code> folder which will likely have files and folders in them that got created the first time with the UID/GID you used the first time.
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Running Docker containers with umask 000 =====
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| − | | |
| − | If you find yourself setting a UMASK of <code>000</code> (which is 777 for folders and 666 for files), you’re ''also'' doing something wrong. It leaves your files and folders read/write to ''everyone'', which is poor Linux hygiene.
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| − | | |
| − | ==== LinuxServer.io ====
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| − | | |
| − | The ''entire'' reason this article even exists is [https://hub.docker.com/u/linuxserver linuxserver.io]’s documentation and default path suggestions. They’re singlehandedly responsible for the <code>/tv</code>, <code>/movies</code> and <code>/downloads</code> paths which ''break'' hard links and atomic moves. It is for this reason that ''none'' of them are ''specifically'' recommended by this article. That said, once you understand the problem with those paths and that you ''don’t'' have to use them, their images are fine. So feel free to use them and ''most'' of their documentation. Just ''ignore'' their path suggestions.
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Getting Help ====
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| − | | |
| − | Need some help? For real time, chat style support try the [https://discord.gg/xyRwnyB Sonarr] or [https://discord.gg/SRBnFmX Radarr] Discord servers. If you prefer forum style support, make a post in [http://reddit.com/r/sonarr /r/sonarr] or [http://reddit.com/r/radarr /r/radarr].
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